References


[1]	P. Lévy, From social computing to reflexive collective intelligence: The ieml research program, Information Science 180 (1).

[2]	A. Weiss, The power of collective intelligence, Networks 9 (3) 16–23 (2005).

[3]	H. W. Chesbrough, Harvard Business School Press, (2003).

[4]	E. von Hippel, Innovation by user communities: Learning from open-source software, MIT Sloan Management Review 42 82–86 (2001).

[5]	J. Altmann, M. Meschke, A. B. Mohammed, A classification scheme for characterizing service networks, Tech. Rep. 2012:86 (2012).

[6]	S. C. Henneberg, T. Gruber, P. Naudé, Services networks: Concept and research agenda, Ind. Market. Manag. 42 (1) 3–8 (2003).

[7]	P. Maglio, S. Srinivasan, J. T. Kreulen, J. Spohrer, Service systems, service scientists, ssme, and innovation, Communications of the ACM 49 (7) 81–85 (2006).

[8]	K. Kim, W.-R. Lee, J. Altmann, Patterns of innovation in saas networks: Trend analysis of node centralities, in: Proceedings of the European Conference of Information Systems 2013 (ECIS 2013) (2013).

[9]	M. E. J. Newman, Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks, Physical Review E 64 (2) 025102 (2001).

[10]	S. Valverde, R. V. Solé, Self-organization versus hierarchy in open-source social networks, Physical Review E 76 (4) 046118 (2007).

[11]	C. S. Wagner, L. Leydesdorff, Network structure, self-organization, and the growth of international collaboration in science, Research Policy 34 (10) 1608–1618 (2005).

[12]	M. Granovetter, The strength of weak ties, American Journal of Sociology 78 (6) 1360–1380 (1973).

[13]	R. Grewal, G. L. Lilien, G. Mallapragada, Location, location, location: How network embeddedness affects project success in open source systems, Management Science 52 (7) 1043–1056 (2006).

[14]	R. Albert, H. Jeong, A.-L. Barabási, Internet: Diameter of the world-wide web, Nature 401 (6749) 130–131 (1999).

[15]	D. J.Watts, S. H. Strogatz, Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks, Nature 393 (6684) 440–442 (1998).

[16]	A. Gawer, M. A. Cusumano, Harvard Business School Publications, (2002).

[17]	D. Hilkert, A. Benlian, T. Hess, The openness of smartphone software platforms: A framework and preliminary empirical findings from the developers' perspective, in: Proceedings of INFORMATIK (2011).

[18]	M. Campbell-Kelly, Historical reflections: The rise, fall, and resurrection of software as a service, Communications of the ACM 52 (5) 28–30 (2009).

[19]	M. Cusumano, Cloud computing and saas as new computing platforms, Communications of the ACM 53 (4) 27–29 (2010).

[20]	L. Youseff, M. Butrico, D. D. Silva, Toward a unified ontology of Cloud computing, in: Proceedings of the GCE (2008).

[21]	R. Smith, Computing in the cloud, Research of Technology Management 52 (5) 65 (2009). 

[22]	S. Leimeister, M. Bohm, C. Riedl, H. Krcmar, The business perspective of cloud computing: Actors, roles, and value networks, in: Proceedings of the ECIS (2010).

[23]	A. B. Mohammed, J. Altmann, J. Hwang, Cloud computing value chains: Understanding business and value creation in the cloud, in: Economic Models and Algorithms for Distributed Systems, Autonomic Systems book series, Birkhauser, Springer, Heidelberg (2009).

[24]	M. Boniface, B. Nasser, J. Pepay, S. C. Phillips, A. Servin, X. Yang, Z. Zlatev, Platform-as-a-service architecture for real-time quality, in: Proceedings of the ICIW (2010).

[25]	V. Gon¸calves, P. Ballon, Adding value to the network: Mobile operators' experiments with software-as-a-service and platform-as-a-service models, Telem. Inform. 28 (1) 12–21 (2011).

[26]	G. Lawton, Developing software online with platform-as-a-service technology, Computer 41 (6) 13–15 (2008).

[27]	D. S. Evans, Platform Economics: Essays on Multi-Sided Business, CreateSpace Industrial Publication Platform (2011).

[28]	R. Qu, Q. Ye, Service ecosystems of cloud computing, in: Proceedings of the ICEBI (2010).

[29]	S. Jansen, Software Ecosystems: Analyzing and Managing Business Networks in the Software Industry, Edward Elgar Pubications (2013).

[30]	K. Karhu, A digital ecosystem for co-creating business with people, Journal of Emerging Technology and Web Intelligence 3 (3) 197–205 (2011).

[31]	A. Gawer, Platforms, Markets and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publications Inc., (2011). 

[32]	T. O'Reilly, What is web2.0: Design patterns and business models for the next generation of software, Communications and Strategy 1 17 (2007).

[33]	A. Botero, Exploring the ecosystems and principles of community innovation, IGI Global, 216–234 (2012).

[34]	M. Faloutsos, P. Faloutsos, C. Faloutsos, On power-law relationships of the internet topology, in: Proceedings of the ATAPCC 29 (4) 251–262 (1999).

[35]	B. A. Huberman, L. A. Adamic, Growth dynamics of the world-wide web, Nature 401 (6749) 131–132 (1999).

[36]	R. Albert, A.-L. Barabási, Topology of evolving networks: Local events and university, Phys-ical Review Letters 85 (24) 5234–5237 (2000).

[37]	J. Hendler, N. Shadbolt, W. Hall, T. Berners-Lee, D. Weitzner, Web science: An interdis-ciplinary approach to understanding the web, Communications of the ACM 51 (7) 60–69 (2008).

[38]	N. T. Korfiatis, M. Poulos, G. Bokos, Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: An insight from wikipedia, Online Information Review 30 (3) 252–262 (2006).

[39]	J. Hwang, J. Altmann, K. Kim, The structural evolution of the web2.0 service network, Online Information Review 33 (6) 1040–1057 (2009).

[40]	K. Kim, J. Hwang, J. Altmann, Does Web2.0 foster innovation? An analysis of the openness of the Web2.0 service network, in: Proceedings of the HICSS, 2011.

[41]	C. Freeman, Networks of innovators: A synthesis of research issues, Research Policy 20 (5) 499–514 (1991). 

[42]	T. G. Lewis, Network Science: Theory and Applications, Wiley (2009).

[43]	A. Everard, R. Henry, A social network analysis of interlocked directorates in electronic commerce firms, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 1 (2) 225–234 (2002).

[44]	W. Tsai, Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance, Academic Management Journal 44 (5) 996–1004 (2001).

[45]	M. E. J. Newman, Power laws, pareto distributions and zipf's law, Contemporary Physics 46 (5) 323–351 (2005).

[46]	R. Albert, H. Jeong, A.-L. Barabási, Error and attack tolerance of complex networks, Nature 406 (6794) 378–382 (2000).

[47]	J. Neter, M. H. Kunter, C. J. Nachtsheim, W. Wasserman, Applied Linear Statistical Models, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill (1996).

[48]	S. Siegel, N. J. C. Jr, Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill (1988).

[49]	A.-L. Barabási, R. Albert, Emergence of scaling in random networks, Science 286 (5439) (1999) 509–12 (1999).