References [1] Gulati, R., 1998. Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 19, pp. 293-317. [2] Hagedoorn, J., 1993. Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 14, pp. 371-385. [3] Kale, P., Singh, H., 2009. Managing Strategic Alliances: What Do We Know Now, and Where Do We Go From Here? Academy of Management, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 45-62. [4] Wittmann, C., Hunt, S., Arnett, D., 2009. Explaining alliance success: competences, resources, relational factors, and resource-advantage theory. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 38, pp. 743-756. [5] Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., Ireland, R. D., 1990. Mergers and Acquisitions and Managerial Commitment to Innovation in M-form Firms. Strategic Management Journal, vol, 11, pp. 29-47. [6] Winter, S. G., 1987. Knowledge and competence as strategic assets, In The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, D. Teece (ed.), pp. 159-183. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger. [7] Nelson, R. R., Winter, S. G., 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Belknap Press: Cambridge, MA. [8] Hannan, M. T., Freeman, J., 1989. Organisational Ecology. Harvard Unniversity Press: Cambridge, MA. [9] Levitt, B., March, J. G., 1988. Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 14, pp. 319-340. [10] Cohen, M. D., 1991. Individual learning and organisational routine: Emerging connections. Organisation Science, vol. 2, pp. 135-139. [11] Walsh, J. P., Ungson, G. R., 1991. Organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, vol. 16, pp. 57-91. [12] March, J. G., Simon, H. A., 1958. Organizations. Blackwell: Oxford. [13] Pentland, B. T., Rueter, H., 1994. Organisational routines as grammars of action, Administrative Sciences Quarterly, vol. 39, pp. 484-510. [14] Barney, J. B., 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, vol. 11, pp. 791-800. [15] Dyer, J. H., Singh, H., 1998. The relational view: cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, vol. 23, pp. 660-679. [16] Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., Vaidyanath, D., 2002. Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage. Journal of Management, vol. 28, pp. 413-446. [17] Hagedoorn, J., Duysters, G., 2002. External sources of innovative capabilities: The preference for strategic alliances of mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Management Studies, vol. 39, pp. 167-188. [18] Kale, P., Dyer, J.H., Singh, H., 2002. Alliance capability, stock market response, and long? term alliance success: the role of alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 23, pp. 747-767. [19] Hoang, H., Rothaermel, F. T., 2005. The effect of general and partner? specific alliance experience on joint R&D project performance. Academy of Management Journal, vol. 48, pp. 332-345. [20] Rothaermel, F. T., Deeds, D. L., 2006. Alliance type, alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 21, pp. 429-460. [21] Zollo, M., Reuer, J. J., Singh, H., 2002. Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances.Organization Science, vol. 13, pp. 701-713. [22] Henderson, R. M., Cockburn, I., 1994. Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 15, pp. 63-84. [23] Orsenigo, L., Pammolli, F., Riccaboni, M., 2001. Technological Change and Network Dynamics: Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry. Research Policy, vol. 30, pp. 485-508. [24] Brusoni, S., Prencipe, A., Pavitt, K., 2001. Knowledge Specialization, Organizational Coupling, and the Boundaries of the Firm: Why Do Firms Know more than They Make? Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 46, pp. 597-621. [25] Mowery, D. C., Oxley, J. E., Silverman, B. S., 1996. Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 77-91. [26] Arthur, B., 1989. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock? in by historical events. The Economic Journal, vol. 99, pp. 116-131. [27] Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., Smith-Doerr, L., 1996. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 41, pp. 116-145. [28] Osborn, R. N., Hagedoorn, J., 1997. The institutionalization and evolutionary dynamics of inter-organizational alliances and networks. Academy of Management Journal, vol. 40, pp. 261-278. [29] Harrigan, K. R., Newman, W. H., 1990. Bases of interorganization co? operation: propensity, power, persistence. Journal of Management Studies, vol. 27, pp. 417-434. [30] Prahalad, C. K., Hamel, G., 1990. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, vol. 68, pp. 79-91. [31] Cohen, W. M., Levinthal, D. A., 1990. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 128-152. [32] Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., Ireland, R. D., Harrison, J. S., 1991. Are Acquisitions a Poison Pill for Innovation? Academy of Management Executive, vol. 5, pp. 22-34. [33] Quinn, J. B., 1992. The Intelligent Enterprise. New York: Free Press. [34] Miles, R., Snow, C. C., 1992. Causes of failure in network organization. California Management Review, vol. 28, pp. 62-73. [35] Dodgson, M., 1993. Technological Collaboration in Industry. London: Routledge. [36] Cohen, W. M., Levinthal, D. A., 1989. Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. The Economic Journal, vol. 99, pp. 569-596. [37] Park, G., Kang, J., 2010. Entry Conditions, Firm Strategies, and their Relationships on Innovation Performance in Emerging Green Industry. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, vol. 18, pp. 21-45. [38] Hagedoorn, J., 2002. Inter? firm R&D partnerships: an overview of major trends and patterns since 1960. Research Policy, vol. 31, pp. 477-492. [39] George, G., Zahra, S. A., Wood, D. R., 2002. The effects of business?university alliances on innovative output and financial performance: a study of publicly traded biotechnology companies. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 17, pp. 577-609. [40] De Carolis, D. M., 2003. Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance. Journal of Management, vol. 29, pp. 27-50. [41] Zhang, J., Baden-Fuller, C., Mangematin, V., 2007. Technological knowledge base, R&D organization structure and alliance formation: Evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, vol. 36, pp. 515-528. [42] Carayannopoulos, S., Auster, E. R., 2010. External knowledge sourcing in biotechnology through acquisition versus alliance: A KBV approach. Research Policy, vol. 39, pp. 254-267. [43] Brouthers, K. D., Hennart, J. F., 2007. Boundaries of the Firm: Insights from International Entry Mode Research. Journal of Management, vol. 33, pp. 395-425. [44] Han, Y. J., Lee, W. Y., 2007. The effects of the Characteristics of Korean Firms on the Patent Production Function. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 14, pp. 293-301. [45] Anand, B. N., Khanna, T., 2000. Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 21, pp. 295-315. [46] Deeds, D. L., Hill, C. W. L., 1996. Strategic alliances and the rate of new product development: an empirical study of entrepreneurial biotechnology firms. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 11, pp. 41-55. [47] Rothaermel, F. T., Deeds, D. L., 2004. Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 25, pp. 201-221. [48] Sampson, R., 2002. Experience, learning and collaborative returns in R&D alliances. Working Paper. New York University. [49] Shan, W., Walker, G., Kogut, B., 1994. Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology. industry. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 15, pp. 387-394. [50] Carley, K. M., 1997. Organizational adaptation. Annals of Operations Research, vol. 75, pp. 25-47. [51] Carley, K. M., Svoboda, D. M., 1996. Modeling Organizational Adaptation as a Simulated Annealing. Sociological Methods and Research, vol. 25, pp. 138-168. [52] Berry, C., 1975. Corporate Growth and Diversi?cation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. [53] Singh, J., 2008. Distributed R&D, Cross-Regional Knowledge Integration and Quality of Innovative Output. Research Policy, vol. 37, pp. 77-96. [54] Misztal, B. A., 1996. Trust in modern societies. Polity Press, Cambridge M A. [55] Chenson, Z., Renjun, Z., Xiaohua, Z., Changping, Z., 2010. SMEs’ ruler credit and enterprise alliance strategy: A social capital perspective. Management and Service Science, 2010 International Conference. [56] Leonard-Barton, D., 1995. Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaining the sources of innovation. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard Business Press.